Atmospheric Physics and Climate Investigation Group (APCLING)

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University Courses and Training



Training Courses


  • Fortran 90 for use in scientific programming
  • Using Matlab(Octave) for Meteorological Climatological problems
  • Scientific Programming in the Field of Weather Forecast and Climate Modeling

Dynamical and Physical Climatology


  • Components and Structure of Climate System
  • Principal Physical Processes acting in Climate System
  • Statistics of the Climate Variables
  • The Solar Radiation and Global Surface Temperature Distribution
  • Global Circulation of Atmosphere and Ocean
  • Atmosphere Dynamics: Sinoptics Processes, Low Frequency Oscilation, Non- Linear Processes
  • Climate Modelling: an Hierachy of Climate Models
  • Climate Patterns: ENSO, Madden-Julian Circulation, North Atlantic Circulation, Azores Anticyclone
  • Hydrological Cycle
  • Sensitivity of Climate System and Feedbacks Mechanisms
  • Natural and antropogenic components of Climate Change. Numerical Investigation of Climate evolution

Dynamical Meteorology


  • Global Atmospheric Circulation. Global Circulation Models. Cyclones and Anticyclones
  • Composition of Earth Atmosphere, Ozone, Water Vapour Thermodynamics, Scales of Atmospheric Motion.
  • Static Atmosphere, Geostrophic Atmosphere, Static Instability, Thermal Wind
  • Barotropic and Baroclinic Atmosphere
  • Waves in Atmosphere (sound, Gravity, Rossby, Kelvin, entropy waves)
  • Zonal Flux Instability, Lorenz Instability
  • Boundary Layer
  • Atmospheric Turbulence
  • Cyclone and Anticyclone Nature, Blockings
  • Circulation of Tropical Atmosphere
  • Mesoscale Circulation: Sea Breeze, Mountain Winds, Tornado
  • Numerical and Theoretical Models.

Solar and Thermal Radiation


  • Solar radiation codes for models: input and output parameters; ultra violet, visible and near infrared spectral bands; two-stream adding method for radiative transfer calculation; k-distribution method for the calculation of gaseous absorption and scattering by aerosol and cloud particles (pseudo monochromatic intervals); optical parameters of aerosol and cloud particles; molecular scattering; cloud overlapping.
  • Thermal radiation codes for models: various approaches of computing the transmission functions in different spectral bands; k-distribution method and table look-up method; effect of scattering due to clouds and aerosols; parameterization of cloud and aerosol optical parameters as functions of ice and water content and particle size.
  • Solar radiation calculations based on Sun-Earth astronomical relationship: Sun-Earth distance; solar declination; equation of time; position of Sun relative to horizontal and inclined surfaces; extraterrestrial irradiation on a horizontal surface and inclined planes, configuration factors; solar radiation incident on tilted planes on the Earth's surface.
  • Solar radiation measuring instruments: radiation sensors; measurement of direct irradiance; measurement of global irradiance - pyranometers; pyranometer characteristics, calibration and classification, pyranometers with shadow bands, measurements of bright sunshine duration.